RADIO AMATUR

What is Amateur Radio?

Amateur Radio is a radio service that anyone can get involved with. Amateur radio is also known as" Ham" radio, which you may have heard of it at one time or another. No one knows for sure why amateur radio operators are called hams, the original meaning has been lost over the years. Many theories exists as to the meaning of "ham", but nothing concrete. Amateur radio operators have been around since the beginning of radio, but the Amateur Radio Service did not come along until the advent of a licensing body.

During the beginning of radio, around the turn of the century, many basement experimenters built radio transmitters and receivers. These were called Spark Gap transmitters. They occupied a very wide bandwidth when transmitting. These stations would interfere with ship to shore communications on several occasions with their wide bandwidth transmissions. After years of complaints from these ship to shore stations, and among other concerns, it was decided that this new technology needed a structure and regulation. Hence the US FCC (Federal Communications Commission) was born, it was called something else at that time. Band segments were set aside for each specific service that was created and the "amateurs" enjoyed their own segments of the radio spectrum. Extending up into the HF, VHF and UHF bands, which at that time were considered "worthless”! Hams enjoy worldwide communications daily using homemade as well as commercially built equipment. Amateurs do not broadcast their transmissions, they have two-way communications with other amateurs. In fact, it is illegal for amateurs to broadcast information for the general public on the amateur radio bands or communicate with non-amateurs. Every amateur radio station has a call sign and in Malaysia the amateur radio license is issued by the Suruhanjaya Multimedia dan Komunikasi or Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC). Other countries have their own licensing body, and just about every country in the world has an amateur radio service. Internationally, the requirements for obtaining a license are similar. A ham in China is required to take a test similar to that of a ham in the USA or any other country, although the licensing structure may vary with regards to license classes. All amateurs are restricted to the same bands or frequencies depending on his or her class of license. Just like all air traffic is controlled on the same frequencies around the world. It would be very difficult if you didn't know where to look for other amateurs!

Amateurs provide emergency communications when disaster strikes around the world. Floods, earthquakes, fires, tornadoes etc. have all called the active ham into public service. Providing emergency communications when ordinary communications are out of service. Thereby making the amateur radio service a vital source for communications when needed. Many lives have been saved over the years because of amateur radio, vital life saving information has been passed through amateur radio stations. It is a hobby and no monetary gains can be made from the use of amateur radio, which is strictly prohibited. Amateur radio is not CB radio. Citizens Band, or CB, is a completely different service altogether . One of the goals of amateur radio is to spread “international goodwill " around the world amongst other hams, it is kind of like a brotherhood of sorts. Countless friendships have grown through the means of amateur radio. Hams on one coast become friends with hams on the other, people that otherwise would have never known about each other have met while enjoying their hobby. Sure, there are times when someone will do or say something on the air that invokes an argument or rude behavior. But like any aspect of the human society, we learn to deal with it and make amends. For the most part, hams are ladies and gentlemen, and respect the wishes of others. Most hams will welcome you into their "roundtable" at anytime, provided you follow good operating practices. Many are very willing and eager to help a beginner with his or her station operation or getting licensed.

Have you recently received your amateur radio operators license and don't know what to do with it? Why not check out your local radio club and find an "Elmer”? Don't know what an "elmer" is? Then keep reading. Questions have been asked on some "insiders" information as to what some of the lingo which you hear on the bands means. So hopefully answers to some of your questions can be found here and clear up some of the "mysterious" words and phrases you will encounter while tuning to the ham frequencies. Most phrases and "codes" come from communicating via morse code. It is much faster to send a series of code letters or numbers than it is to spell each word out one at a time. Therefore, a group of codes was derived to make it easier on the Morse operator during his/her sending. I will not list them all as most are not relevant to your operating practices, but will list the most common ones heard on the bands today.

The meanings carry over to phone (SSB, AM, FM) as well as the digital modes . Try to refrain from using the "Q" codes on phone unless the band conditions are really poor. Why? Because if you are communicating with someone else who speaks your same language (which is most likely) there is no need to use codes as they will better understand you if you speak plain English (or whatever language you are speaking!).

An "elmer" is a kindly ham who helps newcomers get started in amateur radio. Many are happy to invite you into their "shacks" for a demonstration as to how an amateur radio station operates. Others enjoy helping with the testing procedures, and getting a station set up and on the air. Many Elmers can be found at your local ham radio club, contact the Kinabalu Amateur Radio Transmitting Society (KARTS) for information on any clubs you may have in your area.

Examinations

There are two types of examination pertaining to amateur radio in Malaysia:

Radio Amateur Examination (RAE)
Morse Code (CW) Test
Both examinations are conducted by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC).

In order to operate an amateur radio station in Malaysia, a candidate must pass the RAE. A foreign operator may apply for a reciprocal license to the MCMC.

After passing your RAE, you will apply and obtain your Class B license.

In order to upgrade to a Class A license, a Class B licensee shall wait for at least a year before sitting for the Morse Code Test.

Both examinations are conducted separately on different dates, and at multiple centers.

Since 2005, MCMC has been conducting the RAE and CW Test each twice yearly.

Radio Amateur Examination (RAE)
The RAE is a written examination on the following topics:

The fundamental of theory of electricity, electronics, and radio communications.
The theory and operation of any amateur radio equipment including the antenna systems, transmission lines, transistors, amplitude and frequency modulation, and single sideband techniques.
The regulations made under the Communication and Multimedia Act (CMA), which is applicable to the establishment and operation of a station performing an amateur experimental service.
The ITU Radio Regulations applicable to the operation of a station performing an amateur experimental service, and those provisions relating to the operation of stations generally.
The RAE comprises of 100 multiple choice questions. Candidates are given 3 hours to answer all questions. No penalty for wrong answers. For syllabus, refer to the Part C of the Guidelines for Amateur Radio in Malaysia published by the MCMC.

Morse Code (CW) Test
The CW (continuous wave) Test is a practical test that measures skill of the following proficiencies:

An ability to send message correctly on a radio telegraph key, semi-automatic key, or an electronic hand key, for three consecutive minutes, at a speed of not less than 12 words per minute in plain language, including figures, punctuation marks, "Q" signals, and emergency signal in the international Morse Code
An Ability to receive message correctly by ear, and write legibly, or type for not less than three consecutive minutes, at a speed of not less than 12 words a minute, in plain language, including figures, punctuation marks, "Q" signal, and emergency signals in the international Morse Code.
In CW sending tests, applicant must be able to send 36 words (averaging 5 letters per word) in plain language within 3 minutes or equivalent to a speed of 12 words per minute without uncorrected error. A maximum of 4 errors as well as 4 corrections are allowed. In sending figures 10 five-figure groups are to be sent in 1.5 minutes without uncorrected error. A maximum of 2 corrections are alllowed.

In CW receiving tests, applicant is required to receive 36 words (averaging 5 letters per word) in plain language in 3 minutes, and 10 five-figure groups in 1.5 minutes. Each letter or figure incorrectly received counts as 1 error. A word in which more than 1 letter is incorrectly received counts as 2 errors. A maximum of 4 errors in plain language, and a maximum of 2 errors in the figure test are allowed.

The tests will not include any punctuation or other symbols except for full stops, commas, oblique strokes, question marks, and error symbols. The foregoing particulars are summarized in the following:

Type No. of words or groups Test Duration Sending
Receiving

Max no. of corrections Max no. of uncorrected errors Max no. of errors

Plain language
36 words
3 min
4
0
4

Figures
10 five-figure group
1.5 min
2
0
2

Examination Fee
RM50 each for RAE and CW Test.

Minimum Age Requirement for the Examination
14 years old for RAE
18 years old for CW Test

How to Appy for the Examination
Please refer to MCMC web site for RAE and CW Test details.

Licensing

The Malaysian Communications & Multimedia Commission (MCMC) is the license issuer and regulator of amateur radio service in Malaysia.

There are only 2 classes of amateur radio license in Malaysia for individuals, namely Class A and Class B

Band Plan

Class A License Operating Privilege
(for 9M call sign operators)
Frequency Band
(MHz)
Maximum Power Level
(watt PEP) Class of Emission
1.8
- 2.0 25 A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
3.5 -
3.9 400 A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
7.0 - 7.1 400 A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
10.1 - 10.15
400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
14.0 -
14.35
400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
18.068 - 18.168 400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
21.0 - 21.45 400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
24.89
- 24.99 400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
28.0
- 29.7
400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
50.0 - 54.0
400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
144.0 -
146.0 400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
146.0
-
148.0
400
A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
430.0
-
440.0
100 A1A, A2A, A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
1,240
-
1,300 100
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
2,300 - 2,450
50 A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
3,300 -
3,500 50 A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
5,650 -
5,850
50
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
10,000 -
10,500
50
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

24,000
-
24,250
50
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

47,000 -
47,200
50 A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

75.500
-
81,000
50
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

119,800 -
120,020
25
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
142,000
-
144,000
25
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
144,000
-
149,000
25
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

244,000
-
248,000
25
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

248,000
-
250,000
25
A1A, A2A, A3E, A3C, C3F, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

Class B License Operating Privilege
(for 9W call sign operators)
Frequency
(MHz) Maximum Power Level
(watt PEP) Class of Emission
28.0 - 29.7 50
A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
50.0
-
54.0
50
A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
144.0
-
146.0
50
A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
146.0
-
148.0
50
A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E
430.0
-
440.0
50
A3E, F1A, F2A, F3E, J3E, R3E

Call Sign Prefixes

The call sign for amateur radio stations is formed by two characters of prefix, followed by a digit, and a group of not more than three letters.

Call Sign
License Geographical Area
9M1
Reserved

9M2LLL Class A Peninsular

9M3 Future allocation

9M4BLL Amateur radio beacon
Malaysia

9M4CLL Amateur radio club
Malaysia

9M4ELL Experimental
Malaysia

9M4GLL Amateur radio gateway
Malaysia

9M4RLL Amateur radio repeater
Malaysia

9M4SLL Special event
Malaysia

9M5 Future allocation
9M6LLL Class A
Sabah
9M7 Future allocation
9M8LLL
Class A Sarawak

9M9 Future allocation
9W2LLL Class B
Peninsular
9W3 Future allocation
9W4 Future allocation
9W5
Future allocation
9W6LLL
Class B
Sabah

9W7 Future allocation
9W8LLL
Class B
Sarawak
9W9 Future allocation

RECIPROCAL CALL SIGNS
Peninsular:
Class A - 9M2/home country call sign
Class B - 9W2/home country call sign

Sabah:
Class A - 9M6/home country call sign
Class B - 9W6/home country call sign

Sarawak:
Class A - 9M8/home country call sign
Class B - 9W8/home country call sign

To apply for a Class B License

Be at least 14 years of age on the date of RAE.

Sit for RAE.
Receive result notification by postal mail 6~8 weeks after the examination date.
Obtain a set of forms for applying for Apparatus Assignment from MCMC.
Visit two Class A license holders to sign the Letter of Reference.
Visit a Commissioner for Oath to make Statutory Declaration Regarding Secrecy of Wireless Communications.
Deposit fees for Apparatus Assignment into MCMC's bank account:
RM60 admin fee (for each processing including future renewals)
RM24 annual fee (1 - 5 years)

Submit the following documents to MCMC:
Application for Apparatus Assignment
Documentary proof of citizenship or identification
A copy of RAE result notification letter
A letter of reference from two Class A license holders
A declaration of secrecy
Call sign request form

Original bank deposit slip (customer's copy) payable to MCMC

Receive Apparatus Assignment within a day or two upon submission.
Cleared to transmit on approved apparatus/radios and frequencies.

To apply for a Class A License

Obtained an Apparatus Assignment for Amateur Radio Class B for at least a year.
Be at least 18 years of age on the date of CW Test.
Sit for Morse Code Test.
Receive result notification by postal mail 6~8 weeks after the examination date.
Obtain a set of forms for applying for Apparatus Assignment from MCMC.
Visit two Class A license holders to sign the Letter of Reference.
Visit a Commissioner for Oath to make Statutory Declaration Regarding Secrecy of Wireless Communications.
Deposit fees for Apparatus Assignment into MCMC's bank account:
RM60 admin fee (for each processing including future renewals)

RM36 annual fee (1 - 5 years)

Submit the following documents to MCMC:
Application for Apparatus Assignment
Documentary proof of citizenship or identification
A copy of RAE result notification letter
A letter of reference from two Class A license holders
A declaration of secrecy
Call sign request form
Original bank deposit slip (customer's copy) payable to MCMC

Receive Apparatus Assignment within a day or two upon submission.
Cleared to transmit on approved apparatus/radios and frequencies.

Reciprocal Operating Agreement

Foreign amateur radio operator may apply for Amateur Radio Apparatus Assignment under the reciprocal arrangement between their country and Malaysia. MCMC may issue an Apparatus Assignment to the foreign amateur radio operator if they meet all the requirements. The class of the Apparatus Assignment issued will be equivalent to the license class or assignment issued by their home country authority in their original home country. List of countries which have reciprocal arrangement with Malaysia:

Thailand
Indonesia
Laos
Vietnam
Myanmar
India
China
Mongolia
United Kingdom
Germany
Switzerland
Finland
Czech Republic

The Apparatus Assignment will not be issued for a period of more than the validity of the home country license, or 1 year which ever is earlier.

Foreign amateur radio operator which came from country which has no reciprocal arrangement will be dealt on case by case basis. However, an introduction from a member of MARTS will be preferred.

Last Updated ( Friday, 29 December 2006 )